Journal of Military History
Vol. 88, No. 3
July 2024
Articles
The 2024 George C. Marshall Lecture in Military History
“Thinking about Military History as a History of Social Change,” by Beth Bailey, The Journal of Military History 88:3 (July 2024): 625–41
“Thinking about Military History as a History of Social Change,” by Beth Bailey, The Journal of Military History 88:3 (July 2024): 625–41
“Lunacy, Soldiering, and the Abrogation of Care in Nineteenth-Century Britain,” by Amy Milne-Smith, The Journal of Military History 88:3 (July 2024): 642–59
The British Army struggled to treat shell shock during the First World War. Their poor response is no surprise given the almost complete inability of the army to deal with soldier’s mental health in the previous half-century. The military increasingly sought to discharge “soldier lunatics” back to their families and home parishes. Short-term military hospitals functioned to cure the treatable and identify malingerers. The rest were left to languish in pauper asylums. This article traces shifting regulations around the care of soldiers suffering from severe mental illness; these policies reflect significant Victorian debates about pensions, poor laws, and the duty the state owed to its veterans.
“A Free Man, Fortiori a Soldier: Corporal John Andrew vs. Archibald Montgomery and the Transformation of New Orleans,” by Anthony J. Cade II, The Journal of Military History 88:3 (July 2024): 660–80
The events that transpired on 7 December 1862 between Corporal John Andrew and Archibald Montgomery demonstrate that New Orleans, Louisiana, was transforming from a slave society to something akin to an equitable society. Thanks to General Benjamin Butler and the Louisiana Native Guards, People of Color living in the city had some hope of a future in the South after the Civil War. While the change was not lasting, this case gives a glimpse of how it might have looked like if the federal government had preserved the rights of all.
“Hybrid Logistics and Small War: The Chin-Lushai Expeditions along the India-Burma Frontier, 1888–1892,” by Kaushik Roy, The Journal of Military History 88:3 (July 2024): 681–713
In the second half of the nineteenth century, the Army in India launched several “small wars” (Callwell’s term). Historians have concentrated on the small wars along the North-West Frontier. This article shifts the focus to the east to understand how the Army in India’s troops were supplied and transported while fighting small wars along the North-East Frontier between 1888 and 1892. When colonial troops were deployed in difficult terrain with a hostile climate, proper logistical support was vital for the maintenance of military effectiveness. Callwell rightly noted that small wars are actually campaigns against nature. This article shows that an amalgam of indigenous (South Asian) and imported European elements resulted in the emergence of a hybrid logistical apparatus to sustain the British-Indian forces along the India-Burma Frontier.
“Double-Edged Sword: Indonesian Personnel in the Royal Netherlands Navy,” by Mark C. Jones, The Journal of Military History 88:3 (July 2024): 714–40
This article examines the Royal Netherlands Navy’s (Koninklijke Marine, KM) use of Indonesian personnel. It considers why and how the KM employed indigenous personnel and how this usage impacted the KM’s effectiveness as a military service. The article argues that the decision to use Indonesian personnel in naval forces in the Netherlands East Indies resulted in a peacetime advantage in terms of numbers of sailors on duty but ultimately a disadvantage in times of crisis when Indonesian sailors acted against the interests of the Netherlands state.
“The Great Offensive 1922: Prelude to Blitzkrieg,” by Doruk Akyüz, The Journal of Military History 88:3 (July 2024): 741–67
The Turks achieved a decisive victory over the Greeks in 1922. Despite the remarkable triumph, the tactical lessons that should have been learned from this victory were mostly ignored. The Turks won the Greek-Turkish War using the new German breakthrough tactics that had been developed during the First World War and unsuccessfully put into use in the Spring Offensives of 1918. Despite their defeat, the Germans never abandoned this concept and further developed it during the interwar era; it eventually became known as Blitzkrieg during the Second World War. Since both German operations in the Second World War and Turkey’s 1922 campaign were based on the same tactical fundamentals, the Great Offensive against Greece resembles the German operations two decades later, especially the Battle of France in 1940.
“You Can Take it With You: U.S. Army Souvenir Weapon Regulations in World War II,” by Tyler R. Bamford, The Journal of Military History 88:3 (July 2024): 768–92
In response to GIs’ demands during World War II, the U.S. Army permitted widespread souvenir hunting and even looting, although these practices contravened both the Articles of War and, in some cases, international law. This article argues that although the War Department tried to reduce the number of captured guns that entered the United States, it declined to ban them because soldiers and officers disregarded regulations that deprived them of war trophies. This article proves the centrality of material rewards to soldier morale in World War II and establishes the difficulty of regulating the conduct of citizens drafted and sent to fight in foreign countries.
Book Reviews:
Tactical Air Power and the Vietnam War: Explaining Effectiveness in Modern Air Warfare, by Phil Haun, reviewed by Michael W. Hankins and by Steve Heder, 793–96
The Military Legacy of Alexander the Great: Lessons for the Information Age, by Michael P. Ferguson and Ian Worthington, reviewed by Lawrence A. Tritle, 796–98
The Third Macedonian War and the Battle of Pydna: Perseus’ Neglect of Combined-Arms Tactics and the Real Reasons for the Roman Victory, by Graham Wrightson, reviewed by Michael J. Taylor, 798–99
Rome and Persia: The Seven Hundred Year Rivalry, by Adrian Goldsworthy, reviewed by Rose Mary Sheldon, 800–1
Before Augustus: The Collapse of the Roman Republic, by Natale Barca, reviewed by Margaret Worsham Musgrove, 801–3
Guarding the Caesars: Roman Internal Security under the Flavian Dynasty, by Rose Mary Sheldon, reviewed by Michael J. Taylor, 803–4
The Agincourt Campaign of 1415: The Retinues of the Dukes of Clarence and Gloucester, by Michael P. Warner, reviewed by Edward Tabri, 804–6
Iron and Blood: A Military History of the German-Speaking Peoples since 1500, by Peter H. Wilson, reviewed by Clemens Büttner, 806–7
Military Revolution and the Thirty Years War 1618–1648: Aspects of Institutional Change and Decline, by Olli Bäckström, reviewed by Lucian Staiano-Daniels, 808–9
Fort Ticonderoga, the Last Campaigns: The War in the North, 1777–1783, by Mark Edward Lender, reviewed by Daniel Sauerwein, 809–11
Habsburg Sons: Jews in the Austro-Hungarian Army, 1788–1918, by Peter C. Applebaum, reviewed by Timothy C. Dowling, 811–12
Black Crown: Henry Christophe, the Haitian Revolution and the Caribbean’s Forgotten Kingdom, by Paul Clammer, reviewed by Preea Leelah, 812–14
When Nations Can’t Default: A History of War Reparations and Sovereign Debt, by Simon Hinrichsen, reviewed by Nicholas Mulder, 814–16
Tecumseh’s War: The Epic Conflict for the Heart of America, by Donald R. Hickey, reviewed by Jonathan Quint, 816–17
When Washington Burned: The British Invasion of the Capital and a Nation’s Rise from the Ashes, by Robert P. Watson, reviewed by Dillon L. Streifeneder, 818–19
Animal Histories of the Civil War Era, edited by Earl J. Hess, reviewed by Ethan S. Rafuse, 819–21
Civil War Field Artillery: Promise and Performance on the Battlefield, by Earl J. Hess, reviewed by Evan C. Rothera, 821–22
Gunboats, Muskets, and Torpedoes: Coastal South Carolina, 1861–1865, by Michael G. Laramie, reviewed by Zachary Kopin, 823–24
Our People are Warlike: Civil War Pittsburgh and Home-Front Mobilization, by Allen Christopher York, reviewed by David Weaver, 824–26
Gettysburg’s Southern Front: Opportunity and Failure at Richmond, by Hampton Newsome, reviewed by Brooks D. Simpson, 826–27
They Only Came to Die: The Battle of Nashville, December 15–16, 1864, by Sean Michael Chick, reviewed by Donald B. Connelly, 828–29
Klan War: Ulysses S. Grant and the Battle to Save Reconstruction, by Fergus M. Bordewich, reviewed by Michael W. Fitzgerald, 830–31
The Battle of Little Bighorn: A New Appraisal, by W. A. Wallace, reviewed by Damon Penner, 831–33
Soldiers Don’t Go Mad: A Story of Brotherhood, Poetry, and Mental Illness During the First World War, by Charles Glass, reviewed by Rebecca Matzke, 833–35
World War I and the Foundations of American Intelligence, by Mark Stout, reviewed by Derek R. Mallett, 835–36
Approach to Final Victory: America’s Rainbow Division in the Saint Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensives, by Robert Thompson, reviewed by Kasey J. Comstock, 837–38
Victory to Defeat: The British Army, 1918–40, by Richard Dannatt and Robert Lyman, reviewed by Iain Farquharson, 838–39
Creating the Modern Army: Citizen-Soldiers and the American Way of War, 1919–1939, by William J. Woolley, reviewed by Benjamin M. Schneider, 840–41
Anti-Axis Resistance in Southeastern Europe, 1939–1945: Forms and Varieties, edited by John Paul Newman, Ljubinka Skodric, and Rade Ristanovic, reviewed by Klaus Schmider, 841–43
Building the Army’s Backbone: Canadian Non-Commissioned Officers in the Second World War, by Andrew L. Brown, reviewed by John M. Hinck, 843–45
Air Battle for Leningrad, 1941–1944, by Dmitry Degtev and Dmitry Zubov, reviewed by Bart Talbert, 845–47
Axis Prisoners of War in Tennessee: Coerced Labor and the Captive Enemy on the Home Front, 1941–1946, by Antonio S. Thompson, reviewed by Matthias Reiss, 847–48
November 1942: An Intimate History of the Turning Point of World War II, by Peter Englund, reviewed by Annika A. Culver, 849–50
The Savage Storm: The Battle for Italy, 1943, by James Holland, reviewed by Donald B. Connelly, 850–52
Duel in the Deep: The Hunters, the Hunted and a High Seas Fight to the Finish, by David Sears, reviewed by Marc Milner, 852–53
Rome to the Po River: The 362nd Infantry Division, 1944–45, by Heinz Greiner; and Flawed Commanders and Strategy in the Battles for Italy, 1943–45, by Andrew Sangster and Pier Paolo Battistelli, reviewed by Robert M. Citino, 854–56
Truman and the Bomb: The Untold Story, by D. M. Giangreco, reviewed by Robert Clemm, 856–57
Downwind of the Atomic State: Atmospheric Testing and the Rise of the Risk Society, by James C. Rice, reviewed by Kevin Holzimmer, 858–59
Arming East Asia: Deterring China in the Early Cold War, by Eric Setzekorn, reviewed by Jeffrey Crean, 859–61
The Drama of Dictatorship: Martial Law and the Communist Parties of the Philippines, by Joseph Scalice, reviewed by John T. Sidel, 861–63
The Battle of Bong Son: Operation Masher/White Wing, 1966, by Kenneth P. White, reviewed by Daniel Ward, 863–64
Containing History: How Cold War History Explains US-Russia Relations, by Stephen P. Friot, reviewed by Anton Fedyashin, 864–66
Argentine Perspectives on the Falklands War: The Recovery and Loss of Las Malvinas, by Nicholas van der Bijl, reviewed by Louise Clare, 866–68
Warfare in Peacetime: Proxies and State Powers, by Christopher C. Harmon, reviewed by Amos C. Fox, 868–70
Modern Insurgencies and Counterinsurgencies: A Global History, by Kaushik Roy, reviewed by Matthew J. Flynn, 870–72
BOOKS RECEIVED: 873–77
RECENT JOURNAL ARTICLES: 878–84
Tactical Air Power and the Vietnam War: Explaining Effectiveness in Modern Air Warfare, by Phil Haun, reviewed by Michael W. Hankins and by Steve Heder, 793–96
The Military Legacy of Alexander the Great: Lessons for the Information Age, by Michael P. Ferguson and Ian Worthington, reviewed by Lawrence A. Tritle, 796–98
The Third Macedonian War and the Battle of Pydna: Perseus’ Neglect of Combined-Arms Tactics and the Real Reasons for the Roman Victory, by Graham Wrightson, reviewed by Michael J. Taylor, 798–99
Rome and Persia: The Seven Hundred Year Rivalry, by Adrian Goldsworthy, reviewed by Rose Mary Sheldon, 800–1
Before Augustus: The Collapse of the Roman Republic, by Natale Barca, reviewed by Margaret Worsham Musgrove, 801–3
Guarding the Caesars: Roman Internal Security under the Flavian Dynasty, by Rose Mary Sheldon, reviewed by Michael J. Taylor, 803–4
The Agincourt Campaign of 1415: The Retinues of the Dukes of Clarence and Gloucester, by Michael P. Warner, reviewed by Edward Tabri, 804–6
Iron and Blood: A Military History of the German-Speaking Peoples since 1500, by Peter H. Wilson, reviewed by Clemens Büttner, 806–7
Military Revolution and the Thirty Years War 1618–1648: Aspects of Institutional Change and Decline, by Olli Bäckström, reviewed by Lucian Staiano-Daniels, 808–9
Fort Ticonderoga, the Last Campaigns: The War in the North, 1777–1783, by Mark Edward Lender, reviewed by Daniel Sauerwein, 809–11
Habsburg Sons: Jews in the Austro-Hungarian Army, 1788–1918, by Peter C. Applebaum, reviewed by Timothy C. Dowling, 811–12
Black Crown: Henry Christophe, the Haitian Revolution and the Caribbean’s Forgotten Kingdom, by Paul Clammer, reviewed by Preea Leelah, 812–14
When Nations Can’t Default: A History of War Reparations and Sovereign Debt, by Simon Hinrichsen, reviewed by Nicholas Mulder, 814–16
Tecumseh’s War: The Epic Conflict for the Heart of America, by Donald R. Hickey, reviewed by Jonathan Quint, 816–17
When Washington Burned: The British Invasion of the Capital and a Nation’s Rise from the Ashes, by Robert P. Watson, reviewed by Dillon L. Streifeneder, 818–19
Animal Histories of the Civil War Era, edited by Earl J. Hess, reviewed by Ethan S. Rafuse, 819–21
Civil War Field Artillery: Promise and Performance on the Battlefield, by Earl J. Hess, reviewed by Evan C. Rothera, 821–22
Gunboats, Muskets, and Torpedoes: Coastal South Carolina, 1861–1865, by Michael G. Laramie, reviewed by Zachary Kopin, 823–24
Our People are Warlike: Civil War Pittsburgh and Home-Front Mobilization, by Allen Christopher York, reviewed by David Weaver, 824–26
Gettysburg’s Southern Front: Opportunity and Failure at Richmond, by Hampton Newsome, reviewed by Brooks D. Simpson, 826–27
They Only Came to Die: The Battle of Nashville, December 15–16, 1864, by Sean Michael Chick, reviewed by Donald B. Connelly, 828–29
Klan War: Ulysses S. Grant and the Battle to Save Reconstruction, by Fergus M. Bordewich, reviewed by Michael W. Fitzgerald, 830–31
The Battle of Little Bighorn: A New Appraisal, by W. A. Wallace, reviewed by Damon Penner, 831–33
Soldiers Don’t Go Mad: A Story of Brotherhood, Poetry, and Mental Illness During the First World War, by Charles Glass, reviewed by Rebecca Matzke, 833–35
World War I and the Foundations of American Intelligence, by Mark Stout, reviewed by Derek R. Mallett, 835–36
Approach to Final Victory: America’s Rainbow Division in the Saint Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensives, by Robert Thompson, reviewed by Kasey J. Comstock, 837–38
Victory to Defeat: The British Army, 1918–40, by Richard Dannatt and Robert Lyman, reviewed by Iain Farquharson, 838–39
Creating the Modern Army: Citizen-Soldiers and the American Way of War, 1919–1939, by William J. Woolley, reviewed by Benjamin M. Schneider, 840–41
Anti-Axis Resistance in Southeastern Europe, 1939–1945: Forms and Varieties, edited by John Paul Newman, Ljubinka Skodric, and Rade Ristanovic, reviewed by Klaus Schmider, 841–43
Building the Army’s Backbone: Canadian Non-Commissioned Officers in the Second World War, by Andrew L. Brown, reviewed by John M. Hinck, 843–45
Air Battle for Leningrad, 1941–1944, by Dmitry Degtev and Dmitry Zubov, reviewed by Bart Talbert, 845–47
Axis Prisoners of War in Tennessee: Coerced Labor and the Captive Enemy on the Home Front, 1941–1946, by Antonio S. Thompson, reviewed by Matthias Reiss, 847–48
November 1942: An Intimate History of the Turning Point of World War II, by Peter Englund, reviewed by Annika A. Culver, 849–50
The Savage Storm: The Battle for Italy, 1943, by James Holland, reviewed by Donald B. Connelly, 850–52
Duel in the Deep: The Hunters, the Hunted and a High Seas Fight to the Finish, by David Sears, reviewed by Marc Milner, 852–53
Rome to the Po River: The 362nd Infantry Division, 1944–45, by Heinz Greiner; and Flawed Commanders and Strategy in the Battles for Italy, 1943–45, by Andrew Sangster and Pier Paolo Battistelli, reviewed by Robert M. Citino, 854–56
Truman and the Bomb: The Untold Story, by D. M. Giangreco, reviewed by Robert Clemm, 856–57
Downwind of the Atomic State: Atmospheric Testing and the Rise of the Risk Society, by James C. Rice, reviewed by Kevin Holzimmer, 858–59
Arming East Asia: Deterring China in the Early Cold War, by Eric Setzekorn, reviewed by Jeffrey Crean, 859–61
The Drama of Dictatorship: Martial Law and the Communist Parties of the Philippines, by Joseph Scalice, reviewed by John T. Sidel, 861–63
The Battle of Bong Son: Operation Masher/White Wing, 1966, by Kenneth P. White, reviewed by Daniel Ward, 863–64
Containing History: How Cold War History Explains US-Russia Relations, by Stephen P. Friot, reviewed by Anton Fedyashin, 864–66
Argentine Perspectives on the Falklands War: The Recovery and Loss of Las Malvinas, by Nicholas van der Bijl, reviewed by Louise Clare, 866–68
Warfare in Peacetime: Proxies and State Powers, by Christopher C. Harmon, reviewed by Amos C. Fox, 868–70
Modern Insurgencies and Counterinsurgencies: A Global History, by Kaushik Roy, reviewed by Matthew J. Flynn, 870–72
BOOKS RECEIVED: 873–77
RECENT JOURNAL ARTICLES: 878–84
